April is Testicular Cancer Awareness Month, making it the perfect time to learn about this condition, recognize
the signs and symptoms and understand what you can do to catch it early!
What Is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in one or both testicles. Although testicular
cancer is relatively rare compared to other cancers; it is the most common cancer in young men between the
ages of 15 to 35. It is typically treatable, if detected early.
Who Is at Risk?
Males are at risk for testicular cancer. Some risk factors of testicular cancer can increase your chances such as:
- Age: Most commonly affects males as young as 15 to 35 years of age.
- Race and ethnicity: White men are at higher risk than men of other racial or ethnic backgrounds.
- Family history: A father or brother who has/had testicular cancer increases your risk.
- Previous history of testicular cancer: If you’ve had it in one testicle, there’s a higher chance of developing it in the other.
- Undescended testicle (Cryptorchidism): Men whose testicle(s) didn’t move into the scrotum before birth are placed at a higher risk.
Signs and Symptoms
Men often discover testicular cancer early by noticing a change in their body. Common signs and symptoms of
changes to look for are:
- A lump/firmness in the testicle
- Enlargement of testicle size
- Heaviness or feeling of a “dull ache” in the scrotum, groin and/or lower abdomen
- Enlargement or tenderness of breast tissue (Gynecomastia)
- Back pain or shortness of breath (in later stages, if cancer has spread)
How to Do a Testicular Self-Exam
Doing a monthly self-exam can help you notice changes early. It only takes a few minutes and is best done after
a warm shower when the scrotum is relaxed.
Steps for self-exam:
- Stand in front of a mirror and look for any swelling or changes in size or shape.
- Gently examine each testicle, one at a time, using both hands. Roll it between your thumb and fingers.
- Feel for any lumps, hard areas, or changes in texture. Don’t confuse the epididymis (a soft, coiled tube behind
the testicle) for a lump. - If you notice something unusual, don’t panic—but do contact your healthcare provider for further
examination.
When to See a Healthcare Provider
If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned—especially a lump, swelling, or persistent discomfort—it’s
important to see a healthcare provider promptly. Not every lump or ache means cancer, but early diagnosis can
make a big difference in treatment outcomes
How Is Testicular Cancer Diagnosed?
If your healthcare provider suspects testicular cancer, they may recommend a specific physical examination and
bloodwork. Additional imaging may be required such as an X-Ray, Ultrasound, or Computed Tomography (CT)
Scan.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer. Common treatments may include Surgery
(Orchiectomy), Radiation and/or Chemotherapy, and Surveillance.
Summary Point
Testicular cancer is typically treatable—especially when caught early. By understanding the signs and
symptoms, doing regular self-exams, and seeking medical care when something seems off, you can take charge
of your health.
This April, take a few minutes to learn your body, share this information, and encourage others to do the same.
A simple monthly check could make all the difference. If you are needing assistance in establishing care with a
healthcare provider, please contact the Arizona State Physicians Association for further guidance.
Wishing you good health and wellness
Dr. Susan LaSala-Wood DNP FNP-C, RNFA
President of the Arizona State Physicians Association
3030 North Central Avenue
Suite 1106
Phoenix, AZ. 85012
(602) 265-2524
www.azspa.com
References:
American Cancer Society – Testicular Cancer Overview: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/testicular-cancer.html
Mayo Clinic – Testicular Cancer: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancercare/symptoms-causes/syc-203529862.
National Cancer Institute – Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ®):
https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
Urology Care Foundation – What is Testicular Cancer? https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologicconditions/testicular-cance
